Analog Circuit

VOLTAGE_TRIPLER_FOR_RADONDETECTOR_IONIZATION_CHAMBER

Published:2009/6/24 3:22:00 Author:May

The voltage tripler charges the ionization chamber capacitor. It is powered from the 120-Vac line. Warning: Shock hazard exists.   (View)

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SWITCH_ON_DELAY_CIRCUIT

Published:2009/6/24 3:19:00 Author:May

When S1 is tumed on, a very small current flows through the load. Almost the entire supply volt-age appears across the SCR. When C1 changes up to the firing voltage of Q1 (approximately the standoff ratio of Q1 times VS, usually 0.4 to 0.6 VS) through R1, Q1 fires, tuming on SCR1. This deliv-ers full voltage to load, minus SCR drop (about 1.2 V). Notice that load current must exceed SCR holding current.   (View)

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POLARITY_PROTECTOR

Published:2009/6/24 3:13:00 Author:May

The use of a four-diode bridge guarantees correct polarity irrespective of input dc polarity. Remember that two diode drops (about 1.2 to 1.5 V) are lost from the input voltage using this circuit   (View)

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SHORT_CIRCUIT_PROTECTION_CIRCUIT

Published:2009/6/24 3:11:00 Author:May

When S1 is pressed, the coil of K1 is energized, closing its norrrtally open contacts. If the regulated dc input is between 1 and 24 V, that voltage feeds the base of Q1 through R1, turning on the transistor, and latching the relay. When that occurs, LED2 glows indicating that all is okay.If there is a short to ground at the circuit's output (i.e., in the device being powered), the voltage that feeds the base of Q1 goes to zero, turning off the transistor. Then, LED1 glows because K1 is de-energized to indicate the short circuit.   (View)

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NOVEL_LOUDSPEAKER_COUPLING_CIRCUIT

Published:2009/6/24 3:11:00 Author:May

The ground side of the speaker is con-nected to the junction of two equal high value capacitors (1000 μF is typical) across the sup-ply. The amplifier output voltage will be VS/2, and so will the voltage across C1 (if C1 and C2 are equal); so as the supply voltage builds up, the dc voltage across the speaker will remain zero, eliminating the switch-on surge. C1 and C2 will also provide supply smoothing. The circuit is shown with the LM380, but could be applied to any amplifier circuit, providing that the dc voltage at the output is half the supply voltage.   (View)

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8_DIGIT_100_MHz_FREQUENCY_PROBE

Published:2009/6/24 3:10:00 Author:May

Small enough to mount in a probe, this frequency counter circuit is good to 100 MHz. It operates from +5 to +15 Vdc. An 11C90 prescaler drives a 10-MHz counter chip (ICM7216B). Note the dotted line connecting R10 with pins 5 and 6 of IC2; that variable connection controls the decimal point and total count appearing on DSP1 and DSP2. The relative intensities and dura-tions of ON/OFF time for LED1 (green) and LED2 (red) give a rough indication of logic level and duty cycle.   (View)

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OSCILLATOR_TRIGGERED_SWITCH

Published:2009/6/24 3:09:00 Author:May

In this circuit (the oscillator-triggered switch), the generated by an astable oscillator.   (View)

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LOW_OUTPUT_IMPEDANCE_MULTIPLEXER

Published:2009/6/24 3:08:00 Author:May

Both inputs are terminated in their characteristic impedance; 75Ω is typical for video applications. Because the output cables usually are terminated in their characteristic impedance, the gain is 0.5. Consequently, amplifiers U2A and U2B are configured in a gain of +2 to set the circuit gain at 1.R2 and R3 determine the amplifier gain; if a different gain is desired, R2 should be changed according to the equation G = (1 + R3/R2) R5, LCL1, and D1 make up an asymmetrical charge/discharge time circuit that configures U1 as a break-before-make switch to prevent both amplifiers from being ac-tive simultaneously. The multiplexer transition time is approximately 15μs with the component values shown.   (View)

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ANALOG_SWITCH_CIRCUIT

Published:2009/6/24 3:05:00 Author:May

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ANALOG_SWITCHED_INVERTER

Published:2009/6/24 3:05:00 Author:May

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SIMPLE_LOGIC_PROBE_WITH_ALPHANUMERIC_DISPLAY

Published:2009/6/24 3:03:00 Author:May

A logic probe also includes BCD decoder module. The red LED lights to indicate a logic high, and the green LED lights to indicate a logic low. This probe circuit will light a green (low) or red (high), and if desired, an alphanumeric display can be obtained with two 7-segment LED displays.   (View)

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STEPPER_MOTOR_ENCODER_CIRCUIT

Published:2009/6/24 3:00:00 Author:May

This circuit translates shaft rotation and direction to a readout on an LED display. A stepper motor is used as an encoder.   (View)

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ADJUSTABLE_BIAS_REGULATOR

Published:2009/6/24 2:59:00 Author:May

If the wiper of R2 is set at N% rotation，the bias voltage Will be∶This method derives a bias voltage that tracks VBE of this bias transistor. If the bias transistor is thermally linked to the power stage, tracking over a wide temperature range will result.   (View)

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STEPPER_MOTOR_AS_SHAFT_ENCODER

Published:2009/6/24 2:59:00 Author:May

To use a stepper as a shaft encoder, the out-put signals must be converted to square waves with a pair of voltage comparators.   (View)

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ADJUSTABLE_POSITIVE_REGULATOR

Published:2009/6/24 2:57:00 Author:May

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POLARITY_GAIN_ADJUSTMENT

Published:2009/6/24 2:53:00 Author:May

By adjusting one potentiometer, this circuit's output can be varied from a positive-going version of the input signal, smoothly through zero output, then to a negative-going version of the input (see the figure). If the input signal is a positive pulse of, for example, +2-V peak, the output pulse amplitude can be smoothly varied from +2-V through ground (no output) to a -2-V peak. Taking a closer look at the setup, assume that the signal has a +2-V peak input. The A section of the quad op amp is an input buffer, op amp C provides a fixed negative-going output of -4-V peak, and op amp B supplies a positive-going output that varies from +2-V to +6-V peak. The D section adds the B and C outputs. Thus, by varying the B output, the circuit output varies smoothly from -2-V to +2-V peak. The circuit can, of course, also be used as a 0°/180° phase switcher. For instance, with a groundcentered sine-wave input of 4V p-p, the output varies from 4-V p-p in phase with the input, smoothly through 0 V, to 4V p-p 180° out of phase with the input.   (View)

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SHARP_SQUARE_WAVEFORMS_FROM_MULTIVIBRATOR

Published:2009/6/24 2:50:00 Author:May

By using diodes as shown, the loading effect on the collector of the transistors caused by the tim-irtg capacitors can be avoided. As the collector of the transistors rises toward VCC the diode discon-nects the tinting capacitors.   (View)

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RECEIVER_AF_NOISE_LIMITER_FOR_LOW_LEVEL_SIGNALS

Published:2009/6/24 2:46:00 Author:May

A preamplifier in the audio frequency range amplifies a noisy audio signal to drive a diode clip-per. Suitable audio input levels would be in the 10-mV to 1-V range.   (View)

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GUNSHOT_SOUND_EFFECTS_GENERATOR

Published:2009/6/24 2:46:00 Author:May

Gunshot sound-effects generator built around a Texas Instruments SN76477 sound chip. An in-put pulse causes IC1 to generate a gunshot sound.   (View)

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ELECTRONIC_WIND_CHIME

Published:2009/6/24 2:45:00 Author:May

The value of R4 controls the damping or decay time of the feedback circuit (a twin Tee oscillator). When S1 is closed, the circuit breaks into oscillation. When S1 is opened, the circuit stops oscillating generating a decaying tone like a bell.The frequency is approximately 1/2 RC. C1, C2, and C3 are typically in the 0.01-μF range.   (View)

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