IC Blog Center
Index 58
10 Gigabit/s Ethernet over twisted-pair copper
Published:2011/8/8 3:26:00 Author:Phyllis
By Phil Turtle If we look back over history, there is an observable cycle out of which has grown the dominance of Ethernet — and which causes the ever-present desire of network managers to ’future proof. Moore’s law states that computing power doubles every 18 months. Although it does not apply directly to active equipment and cabling, it is a significant (View)
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USB Memory Stick: an ideal memory device 2
Published:2011/8/8 2:30:00 Author:Amy
By Harry Baggen Changing the drive letter The block diagram gives a fair impression of the memory chip complexity — a lot of intelligence lurks inside the memory to make sure all processes run properly. One of the main points to note with any Flash memory is reliability. Flash memory cells do not have eternal life an the odd cell may malfunction during oper... (View)
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USB Memory Stick: an ideal memory device 1
Published:2011/8/8 2:17:00 Author:Amy
By Harry Baggen In no time at all, the USB Flash Drive or Memory Stick has become one of the most popular memory devices: small, robust, large capacity, no battery. Now that Elektor Electronics are offering a 128-MB USB Memory Stick as a welcome gift to new subscribers, it’s high time your favorite electronics maga... (View)
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Rail Router: model train routing with a PC （1）
Published:2011/8/8 2:17:00 Author:Li xiao na
By Ray King Smooth Operator elsewhere in this issue employs model control servos to drive the turnouts on a model railway. One of its advantages is that it can be activated over a single wire making it ideal for computer control described...here! Rail router is a hardware/software combination capable of controlling up to 127 turnouts. The Rail Router hardware... (View)
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SEALED LEAD-ACID BATTERIES （2）
Published:2011/8/8 1:45:00 Author:Phyllis
Charging In principle sealed lead-acid batteries can be charged at a constant voltage. The maximum charge voltage that can be used depends on the temperature, and it is important that this voltage is not exceeded during charging. Figure 2 shows the relationship between temperature and voltage for two different charging regimes. The higher value is used for normal (cycli... (View)
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Four in a Row: Play against each other or against the micro! 4
Published:2011/8/8 1:19:00 Author:Amy
By Steve Teal Software The software for the microcontroller is written in assembler and developed using AVR Studio from Atmel. This is freely available from the manufacturer’s website. Apart from the source code (found in the file ’inaline.asm’), you will also need an include file (2313def.inc), whi... (View)
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Digital Motors: intelligent drive for servos
Published:2011/8/8 1:17:00 Author:Li xiao na
By Giel Dols Analogue servos are really ingenious bits of hardware. But there’s an even better alternative: the digital servo! Based on the operation of the ’normal’ servo we tell you what’s so much better about the latest digital ones. A servo is a com... (View)
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SEALED LEAD-ACID BATTERIES （1）
Published:2011/8/8 1:12:00 Author:Phyllis
SLAs still going strong Lead-acid batteries still form an essential part of the on-board power systems in cars, motorcycles, boats and caravans. In its new form, featuring a fixed electrolyte and a sealed enclosure, this veteran battery technology (invented in 1850) is now more versatile than ever. Sealed batteries with a fixed electrolyte have been in production for more than forty... (View)
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Personal Sound to Light Unit: small but sophisticated （2）
Published:2011/8/8 1:04:00 Author:Li xiao na
By Burkhard Kainka Filter The output signal supplied by the second opamp drives the LED controls by way of simple filters. Each LED driver stage consists of a transistor (T2, T3 and T4). To prevent the transistor bases from being charged with negative levels, anti-parallel diodes (D3, D5, D7) are used on each base terminal. Each transistor is only actuated on the positive half cycle... (View)
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Vehicle Battery Jogger-keep your battery fresh and young （4）
Published:2011/8/8 0:50:00 Author:Phyllis
By Karel Walraven FETs We have listed several options for FET T1, but the choice here is not critical. It’s also unnecessary to make any changes to the circuit if you use it at 6 V. Still, in this case the preferred type for Tl is the IRF540. That’s because this type of FET works with a lower gate voltage t... (View)
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Personal Sound to Light Unit: small but sophisticated （1）
Published:2011/8/8 0:48:00 Author:Li xiao na
By Burkhard Kainka Disco nights are great fun from time to time but you don’t want to overdo it in regard of the sound volumes you’re exposed to for a couple of hours. Arguably there’s no less pleasure in enjoying dance music in the privacy of your home, study or student bigs. However, the true disco feeling is not obtained without a matching sound to light unit, so here’s a really smal... (View)
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Vehicle Battery Jogger-keep your battery fresh and young （3）
Published:2011/8/7 22:56:00 Author:Phyllis
By Karel Walraven Safety Most people don’t realise that despite the modest voltage, working with vehicle batteries can be quite hazardous. This is because such batteries can deliver especially high currents. That means you have to be especially careful with metal objects in the vicinity of a charged battery. A dangerous short circuit can be caused not only by a simple screwdriver or... (View)
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Precision Function Generator: MAX038 goes SMD （2）
Published:2011/8/7 22:50:00 Author:Li xiao na
By Klaus-Jiirgen Thiesler MLC capacitors Solid, leaded, capacitors in the microfarads range are every expensive, inaccurate and bulky components and it is not surprising to see they are rarely used these days. SMD multilayer ceramic chip capacitors (MLCCs) are much more accurate, tiny and cheap mainly because they are manufactured by the millions for use in mobile phones. Mind y... (View)
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Vehicle Battery Jogger-keep your battery fresh and young （2）
Published:2011/8/7 22:48:00 Author:Phyllis
By Karel Walraven Operation The first 555 timer (IC1 in Figure 1) operates as an astable multivibrator and generates a continuous stream of pulses. The second 555 is a monostable multivibrator that is triggered on each negative edge of the pulses coming from its companion. As a result, i... (View)
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Vehicle Battery Jogger-keep your battery fresh and young （1）
Published:2011/8/7 22:43:00 Author:Phyllis
By Karel Walraven This design is a follow-up to the triumphant ’Battery Revitaliser’ project published in the September 2001 issue of Elektor Electronics. From numerous reader responses, it appears that defective batteries are a common problem. Since prevention is naturally better than cure, here we ... (View)
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Four in a Row: Play against each other or against the micro! 3
Published:2011/8/7 22:41:00 Author:Amy
By Steve Teal Construction You should choose a suitable case before starting with the construction of the PCB. We’ve chosen a Pactec case without a battery compartment. The bare PCB can then be used as a drill template. We have added some extra holes for this in the centre of the switches. Try to keep the height of the populated PCB as low as possible. The LEDs and switches should r... (View)
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Precision Function Generator: MAX038 goes SMD （1）
Published:2011/8/7 22:31:00 Author:Li xiao na
By Klaus-Jiirgen Thiesler Although surface-mount parts are not the easiest to handle, the reward in test and measurement equipment is increased accuracy. Integrated precision function generator type MAX038 is now an o... (View)
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Analog University: attend National Semiconductor lectures
Published:2011/8/7 22:16:00 Author:Li xiao na
By David Daamen Sure, the Internet contains thousands of electronic circuits covering equally vast numbers of applications. That’s all very well, but King Shallow & Sgt Superficial often rule and it may take a lot of searching if you really want to know all the ins and outs of a certain design aspect. Of course, enough t... (View)
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Four in a Row: Play against each other or against the micro! 2
Published:2011/8/5 7:21:00 Author:Amy
By Steve Teal Operation When used in combination with shift key SI, column switches 1 to 7 (S2 to S8) have a different function. To access these functions you first have to hold down the shift key, then momentarily press the required column switch. The shift key can then be released again. Switch Function 1 New game 2 Undo t... (View)
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Four in a Row: Play against each other or against the micro! 1
Published:2011/8/5 6:59:00 Author:Amy
By Steve Teal Apart from playing against another human opponent you can also play against the microprocessor. A handy ’undo’ function is included, which lets you correct any mistakes you made (usually some silly move!). The game First we’ll explain the rules, just in case you’re not familiar with them. Four in a row is normally played with two players, ... (View)
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