Basic Circuit

FOUR_QUADRANT_WITH_OPAMP_LEVEL_SHIFT

Published:2009/7/7 22:29:00 Author:May

Connections shown for Motorola MC1595L linear four-quadrant multiplier are used in applications requiring level shift to ground reference. Common-mode voltage is reduced by 10:1 attenuation networks, and differential output voltage is fed to opamp having closed-loop gain of 10. Resulting output is stillVxVy/10, which appears single-ended above ground reference. Each input can be between-10 V and +10 V. Frequency limit of circuit is about50 kHz for signal swings approaching ±10 V.-E. Renschler, Analysis and Basic Operation of the MC1595, Motorola, Phoenix. AZ, 1975, AN-489 p 9.   (View)

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SIX_GAME_CHIP_

Published:2009/7/7 22:27:00 Author:May

General Instruments AY-3-8500-1 TV game chip and associated circuits give choice of six different games. Article gives additional circuits required, including that for 2MHz master dock whose output is divided in chip to get vertical and horizontal syncfrequencies, VHF modulator used between game and antenna terminal of TV set, and rifle target practice clrcuit，All operate from battery suρply atlower left Article covers construction only ingeneral terms,－s,Ciarcia,Hey,Look What My Daddy Built!,73 Magazine.Oct, 1976,p 104－108   (View)

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SUBTRACTOR

Published:2009/7/7 22:26:00 Author:May

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_ADDER

Published:2009/7/7 22:26:00 Author:May

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DIVIDE_MULTIPLY_WITH_ONLY_ONE_TRIM

Published:2009/7/7 22:25:00 Author:May

This relatively simple, inexpensive circuit requiring one trimming operation can multiply or divide with a consistent accuracy of greater than 1 part in 1,000. An inexpensive CMOS version of standard 555 timer chip T, in conjunction with low-drift LM11 error amplifier A3, an inexpensive analog chopper switch SW, form a unique voltage-to-duty-cycle converter to produce the difficult transfer function necessary for accurate conversion.An unknown multiplicand voltage applied to the A3 error op amp circuit's Y input controls the duty cycle of the timer through its pin 5 modulation input. The network between the sink-and-source output of the timer, pin 3, and the state trigger inputs, pins 2 and 6, cause the timer to oscillate. An error feedback signal from the timer's discharge output, pin 7, represents the duty cycle. Integrating this duty-cycle signal with voltage reference REF representing full scale, and applying the result to the inverting input of A3, closes the feedback loop and insures high accuracy.Multiplier X feeds into another LM11 op amp, A1, which acts as a input buffer and scaler. A third LM11, A2 filters and buffers the Z output. Between A1 and A2, the timer's duty-cycle output modulates the analog switches of a CD4066 to achieve the desired multiplier output. To perform division instead of multiplication, reconfigure the op amp AI circuit with the use of jumpers. Amplifier A2 isn't required in the division configuration.To calibrate the circuit, connect the X and Y inputs together and apply 10 V. Then adjust the 10-turn span potentiometer to achieve a 10-V output at Z for multiplication, or 1 V for the division configuration.Also check for zero output at a zero multiplier input. The circuit is scaled for 0-10 V inputs and outputs with a small overtage capability, but other scalings are possible. Star grounding or a heavy ground bus should be used to reduce offset problems that are unavoidable in this design.   (View)

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ROOT_SUM_SQUARED

Published:2009/7/7 22:24:00 Author:May

Vector summation circuit uses AD531 variable-gain analog multiplier. Starting with trimpots centered and input VB grounded, apply specified DC voltages to input VA and adjust trimpots for output specified in table.-R. Frantz, Analog Multipliers-New IC Versions Manipulate Real-World Phenomena with Ease, EDN Magazine, Sept. 5, 1977, p 125-129.   (View)

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_LVDT_DRIVER_DEMODULATOR

Published:2009/7/7 22:21:00 Author:May

A very simple motion transducer can be constructed using the circuit shown. The output is biased to one-half the supply voltage. This requires special interface circuitry for the signal readout. One simple method is to use a zero center meter in a bridge configuration. Displacement now can be measured as a positive or negative meter reading. Readout sensitivity is a function of the particular LVDT and of the gain of the error amplifier. Dc offsets can be nulled by using a simple offset adjustment circuit as indicated.   (View)

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LINEARIZING_MODULAR_MULTIPLIER

Published:2009/7/7 22:21:00 Author:May

Adding three external resistors to conventional transconductance multiplier reduces fedthrough,decreases average nonlinearity,and cuts ouerall error in half.Article gives adjustment procedure,-L.Counts,Reduce Multiplier Errors by to an Order of Magnitude,EDN Magazine,March20,1974,p65-68   (View)

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DYNAMIC_NOISE_REDUCTION_CIRCUIT

Published:2009/7/7 22:19:00 Author:May

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DICE

Published:2009/7/7 22:16:00 Author:May

Simple low-cost arrangement of three ICs operating from 5-V battery (four nickel-cadmium or alkaline cells) provides bar display corresponding to spots on six sides of die. Uses SN7490N TTL decade counter with SN7405 hex inverter to drive Minitron 3015F seven-segment display. Article describes operation in detail and suggests variations for Arabic and binary displays．－G,J,Naaijer,Electronic Dice,Wireless World,Aug 1973,p401－403.   (View)

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RANDOM_FLASHING_NEONS

Published:2009/7/7 22:11:00 Author:May

Neon glow lamps such as Radio Shack 272-1101 flash in unpredictable sequences at various rates that are determined by values of R and C used for each lamp, to give attention-getting display for classrooms and Science Fairs. Value of R1 can be as low as 2200 ohms for higher repetition rates, but battery drain increases. When circuit is energized, each neon receivesfull voltage and fires. Lamp capacitor begins charging, decreasing voltage across lamp until lamp goes out and cycle starts over. Use of different capacitor values makes lamps recycle at different rates. T1 is 6.3-VAC filament transformer used to step up oscillator voltage.-F. M. Mints, Transistor Projects, Vol, 2, Radio Shack, Fort Worth, TX,1974, p 43-52.   (View)

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APPROXIMATING_SINES

Published:2009/7/7 22:10:00 Author:May

Analog Devices 433 multiplier/divider IC approximates sine of angle to less than 0.25% in lust two terms (one quad-rant). Arrangement requires only single opamp.Article gives analysis of theoretical errors and shows error curve.-D. H. Sheingold, Approximate Analog Functions with a Low-Cost Multiplier/Divider, EDN Magazine, Feb. 5, 1973, p 50-52.   (View)

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REMOTE_TELEPHONE_RINGER

Published:2009/7/7 22:09:00 Author:May

The two neon bulbs will light when more than 100 V is across the ringing circuit. The bulbs provide line isolation between the unit and the telephone line. Finally, they act as a voltage divider for the bridge rectifier made up of D1 through D4. That voltage divider creates a positive voltage that is then applied through D5, is filtered by R2, R3, and C2, and causes Q1 and Q2 to conduct. When that happens, triac TR1 is fired through the optical coupler IC1; this turns on the triac, which applies 110 Vac to the load.   (View)

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DIVlDER_SOUARE_ROOTER

Published:2009/7/7 22:08:00 Author:May

Modification of multiplier circuit gives divider in which negative output voltage is equal to 10 times ratio Ex/Ey. To use as square-rooter for Ex, connect pins 4 and 9 together and omit R1 and R2 at Ey input. Circuit uses multiplier block driving 741 current-to-voltage converter.-W. G. Jung, IC 0p-Amp Cookbook, Howard W. Sams, Indianapolis, IN, 1974, p 257-258.   (View)

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DICE_SIMULATOR

Published:2009/7/7 22:06:00 Author:May

Two 4018B synchronous counters are connected in modulo-6 walkingring sequences for driving LEDs to produce familiar die patterns. Pressing roll button starts gated astable that cycles first die hundreds of times and second die dozens of times, for randomizing of result. When roll button is released, final state of each die is held.-D. Lancaster, CMOS Cookbook, Howard W. Sams, Indianapolis, IN, 1977, p 324-325.   (View)

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MULTIPLIEB_DIVIDER

Published:2009/7/7 22:04:00 Author:May

Combination opamp transistor circuit may be used for either multiplication or division, All signals must be of same polarity (positive). For multiplication, use in-puts e1 and e3 For division, use e1 and e2, with e3 being adjusted to give desired scaling factor. Log output at base of Tr2 is connected directly to antilog circuit at base of Tr3. Article gives de-sign equations. Circuit shown was developed to measure current gain of PNP transistor over range of operating currents.-G. B. Clayton, Experiments with Operational Amplifiers, Wire-less World, Feb. 1973, p 91-93.   (View)

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DUAL_MOTOR_ROBOT

Published:2009/7/7 22:02:00 Author:May

Battery-operated toy car roanis around room, reversing whenever it hits wall or obstdcle, and retums automatically to home base when batteries are in need of charge. Small geared motor, such as Meccano No.11057 or4.5-V Taplin, is used for each rear wheel so reversal of one motor provides steering. Single free-swiveling caster is at front of machine. With head-on collision, both contacts of bumper close to reverse both motors so machine backs away, turns, and proceeds in new direction. With glancing collision, motor on opposite sideis reversed so machine sheers away.White tape on floor, leading to charger having female lacks, is sensed by two phototransistors used to control motors so machine follows tape until probes at opposite end from bumper enter jacks. Circuit permits search mode for recharging only when relay D senses low battery voltage and energizes lamps that illuminate white tape. Article gives operation and construction details.-M. F. Huber, Free Roving Machine, Wireless World, Dec. 1972, p 593-594.   (View)

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DIAL_PULSE_INDICATOR

Published:2009/7/7 22:01:00 Author:May

This indicator senses the switching on and off of the 48-Vdc line voltage and transmits the pulses to logic circuitry. An H11A10 threshold coupler, with capacitor ftltering, gives a simple circuit which can provide dial pulse indication, and yet reject high levels of induced 60-Hz noise. The DHD805 provides reverse bias protection for the LED during transient over-voltage situations. The capacitive ftltering removes less than 10 ms of the leading edge of a 40-V dial pulse, while providing rejection of up to 25-V rms at 60 Hz.   (View)

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LINEARIZING_X_INPUT

Published:2009/7/7 22:00:00 Author:May

Adding resistors as shown to IC transconductance multiplier gives major improvement in X-input linearization. Article gives adjustment procedure. SMILE and FROWN terminal notes refer to X feedthrough pattern observed on CRO during setup, telling which position requires addition of RSEL resistor.-L. Counts, Reduce Multiplier Errors by up to an Order of Magnitude, EDN Magazine, March 20, 1974, p 65-68.   (View)

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PRECISION_SQUARER

Published:2009/7/7 21:57:00 Author:May

Circuit using differential comparator IC accepts input from TTL anddelivers square of input signal voltage to output. Adjust 30K pot to set clamp level. - The Linear and Interface Circuits Data Book for Design Engineers, Texas Instruments, Dallas, TX, FROM 1973, p 6-116.   (View)

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