Published:2009/6/25 21:09:00 Author:Jessie
This circuit can be used to simulate large capacitances using small value components. With the values shown and C = 10 μF, an effective capacitance of 10,000 μF was obtained. The Q available is limited by the effective series resistance. So R1 should be as large as practical (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 20:52:00 Author:May
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Published:2009/6/25 20:52:00 Author:May
A resistive voltage divider is used to es-tablish a bias voltage for the input (pins 2 and 3). The demodulated (multiplex) FM signal is fed to the input through a two-stage high-pass filter, both to effect capacitive coupling and to attenuate the strong signal o f the regular chan-nel. A total signal amplitude, between 80 mV and 300 mV, is required at the input. Its source should have an impedance of less than 10,000 ohms. The Phase Locked Loop is tuned to 67 kHz with a 5000 ohm potentiometer; only ap-proximate tuning is required, since the loop will seek the signal. The demodulated output (pin 7) passes through a three-stage low-pass filter to provide de-emphasis and attenuate the high-frequency noise which often accompanies SCA transmission. The demodulated output signal is in the rder of 50m V and the frequency response extends to 7 kHz. (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 21:09:00 Author:Jessie
The first timer is used as a monostable and determines the tone duration when triggered by a positive pulse at pin 6. The second timer is enabled by the high output of the monostable. It is connected as an astable and determines the frequency of the tone. (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 20:52:00 Author:May
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Published:2009/6/25 21:07:00 Author:Jessie
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Published:2009/6/25 21:06:00 Author:Jessie
Circuit NotesWith values shown, this simple circuit will permit one operation every 10 seconds or so.Capacitor C1 charges through RI when the button is released. Making RI larger crease the delay. (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 21:05:00 Author:Jessie
This circuit will synthesize two rear chan-nels for quadraphonic sound when fed with a stereo signal. The rear output for the left chan-nel, is a combination of the left channel input 180 out of phase, added to a proportion of the right hand channel (also out of phase). The right hand rear output is obtained in a similar way. (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 21:04:00 Author:Jessie
This compact metronome will run for years on a single nine-volt transistor battery.Has both tone and pulse rate controls, and uses touch plates to start and stop, can be built in a case no larger than a pack of cigarettes. The touch plates consist of two strips of metal about 1/16-inch apart mounted on, but insulated from, the case. Bridging the gap closes the switch. (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 20:51:00 Author:May
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Published:2009/6/25 20:50:00 Author:May
Loudness detector consists of a 555 IC wired as a Schmitt trigger. The output changes state—from high to low—whenever the input crosses a certain voltage. That threshold voltage is established by the setting of R4. (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 21:04:00 Author:Jessie
The LM378 dual power amplifier is used as the spring driver. The recovery amplifier is a low noise dual preamplifier. Mixing of the delayed signal with the original is done with another LM387 used in an inverting summing configuration. (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 20:49:00 Author:May
The LED is normally lit, but it will be briefly extinguished if the input exceeds a preset (by RV1) level. A possible application is to monitor the output voltage across a loudspeaker; the LED will flicker with large signals. (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 20:48:00 Author:May
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Published:2009/6/25 21:03:00 Author:Jessie
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Published:2009/6/25 20:48:00 Author:May
The circuit tests whether or not a diode is open, shorted, or functioning correctly. If lamp A lights, the diode under test is functional. When lamp B is lit, the diode is good but connected backwards. When both lamps are lit, the diode is shamed, and it is open if neither lamp is lit. (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 21:03:00 Author:Jessie
Precise, adjustable control of beats per minute from a largo of 18 to a frenzied, high presto of 500. These beiats are produced acoustically through a speaker. A light flashes at the same rate. When SW1 is closed, C1 begins to charge through R1 and R2. C1 will eventually reach a voltage at which the emitter of unijunction transistor is switched on, dumping the energy stored in C1 into an 8 ohm speaker. To produce a distinct plop , brief pulses across T2 secondary drive Q2 into conduction. The extra gain of Q3 and Q4 are sufficient to briefly switch L1 on, then off, as the pulse wave passes. Capacitor C2 stretches the pulse slightly to overcome the thermal inertia of the lamp, so that a bright flash occurs. (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 20:46:00 Author:May
If lamp A or B is illuminated, the diode is serviceable. If both light, the diode is short circuited. If neither light, diode is an open circuit. (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 21:02:00 Author:Jessie
Circuit NotesIn the 556 timer, the timing is a function of the charging rate of the external capacitor. For long time delays, expensive capacitors with extremely low leakage are required. The prac-ticality of the components involved limits the time between pulses to something in the neighborhood of 10 minutes. To achieve longer time periods, both halves of a dual timer may be connected in tandem with a Divide-by ' net-work in between the first timer section oper-ates in an oscillatory mode with a period of 1/fo. This signal is then applied to a Divide-by-N network to give an output with the period of N/fo. This can then be used to trigger the second half of the 556. The total time delay is now a function of N and fo. (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 20:55:00 Author:Jessie
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