Published:2009/6/25 21:03:00 Author:Jessie
Precise, adjustable control of beats per minute from a largo of 18 to a frenzied, high presto of 500. These beiats are produced acoustically through a speaker. A light flashes at the same rate. When SW1 is closed, C1 begins to charge through R1 and R2. C1 will eventually reach a voltage at which the emitter of unijunction transistor is switched on, dumping the energy stored in C1 into an 8 ohm speaker. To produce a distinct plop , brief pulses across T2 secondary drive Q2 into conduction. The extra gain of Q3 and Q4 are sufficient to briefly switch L1 on, then off, as the pulse wave passes. Capacitor C2 stretches the pulse slightly to overcome the thermal inertia of the lamp, so that a bright flash occurs. (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 20:55:00 Author:Jessie
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Published:2009/6/25 20:54:00 Author:Jessie
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Published:2009/6/25 20:54:00 Author:Jessie
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Published:2009/6/25 20:53:00 Author:Jessie
This circuit measures RF voltages beyond 200 MHz and up to about 5 V. The diode should be mounted in a remote probe, close to the probe tip. Sensitivity is excellent and voltages less than 1 V peak can be easily measured. The unit can be calibrated by connecting the input to a known level of RF voltage, such as a calibrated signal generator, and setting the calibrate control. (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 20:52:00 Author:Jessie
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Published:2009/6/25 20:52:00 Author:Jessie
A resistive voltage divider is used to es-tablish a bias voltage for the input (pins 2 and 3). The demodulated (multiplex) FM signal is fed to the input through a two-stage high-pass filter, both to effect capacitive coupling and to attenuate the strong signal o f the regular chan-nel. A total signal amplitude, between 80 mV and 300 mV, is required at the input. Its source should have an impedance of less than 10,000 ohms. The Phase Locked Loop is tuned to 67 kHz with a 5000 ohm potentiometer; only ap-proximate tuning is required, since the loop will seek the signal. The demodulated output (pin 7) passes through a three-stage low-pass filter to provide de-emphasis and attenuate the high-frequency noise which often accompanies SCA transmission. The demodulated output signal is in the rder of 50m V and the frequency response extends to 7 kHz. (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 20:52:00 Author:Jessie
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Published:2009/6/25 20:51:00 Author:Jessie
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Published:2009/6/25 20:50:00 Author:Jessie
Loudness detector consists of a 555 IC wired as a Schmitt trigger. The output changes state—from high to low—whenever the input crosses a certain voltage. That threshold voltage is established by the setting of R4. (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 20:49:00 Author:Jessie
The LED is normally lit, but it will be briefly extinguished if the input exceeds a preset (by RV1) level. A possible application is to monitor the output voltage across a loudspeaker; the LED will flicker with large signals. (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 20:48:00 Author:Jessie
The circuit tests whether or not a diode is open, shorted, or functioning correctly. If lamp A lights, the diode under test is functional. When lamp B is lit, the diode is good but connected backwards. When both lamps are lit, the diode is shamed, and it is open if neither lamp is lit. (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 4:10:00 Author:Jessie
A 741 op amp is used with t00% ac and dc feedback to provide a typical input impedance of 1011 ohm and unity gain. To avoid hum and rf pickup the input leads should be kept as short as possible and the circuit should be mounted in a small grounded case. Output leads may belong since the output impedance of the circuit is a fraction of an ohm. With no input the output level is indeterminate. Including RI in the cir-cuit through lowers the input impedance to 22 M. (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 4:09:00 Author:Jessie
This probe makes possible relative measurements of rf voltages to 200 MHz on a 20,000 ohms-per-volt multimeter.Rf voltage must not exceed the breakdown rating of the IN4149-approximately 100 V. (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 3:31:00 Author:Jessie
Circuit Notes
R1 senses current flow of a power supply. The JFET is used as a buffer because ID = Is; therefore the output monitor voltage accu-rately reflects the power supply current flow. (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 3:29:00 Author:Jessie
Circuit Notes
The circuit may be used as a sensitive current detector or as a voltage detector having high input impedance. RI is set so that the voltage at point (A) is Vz to 3A volts below the level that fires the 2N494C. A small input cur-rent (Iin) of only 40 nanoamperes will charge C2 and raise the voltage at the emitter to the firing level. When the 2N494C fires, both capacitors, C1 and C2, are discharged through the 27 ohm resistor, which generates a positive pulse with sufficient amplitude to trigger a con-trolled rectifier (SCR), or other pulse sensitive circuitry. (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 3:25:00 Author:Jessie
The complete meter amplifier is a differen-tial current-to-voltage converter with input pro-tection, zeroing and full scale adjust provisions, and input resistor balancing for minimum offset voltage. (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 2:35:00 Author:Jessie
Circuit Notes
This circuit oscillates without the crystal. With the crystal in the circuit, the frequency will be that of the crystal. The circuit has good starting characteristics even with the poorest crystals. (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 2:32:00 Author:Jessie
Circuit Notes
This circuit will operate with fundamental-mode crystals in the range of 1MHz to 20 MHz,Feedback is controlled by capacitor voltage divider C2/C3.The rfvoltageacross the emitter resistor provides the basic feedback signal. (View)
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Published:2009/6/25 2:26:00 Author:Jessie
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